Pediatric
gastroenterology is described as a sub-specialty of gastroenterology and Pediatrics.
It is agitated with treating the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas of
children from infancy till age eighteen. The main diseases concerned with it are,
persistent vomiting, acute diarrhea, gastritis and problems with the
development of the gastric tract.
The treatments by
pediatric gastroenterologists are chronic or incurable, and impact not just
during the child's initial years but throughout their adult life as well.
Management strategies for these conditions need to encompass broad
multidisciplinary approaches, with an emphasis upon optimal care in the
short-term and enhanced outcomes in the long-term. Whilst providing consistent
high-quality, child and family-focused care is important, the introduction of
new treatments and the promise of future cure provide on-going challenges. The
inflammatory bowel diseases are examples of such conditions.
The inflammatory bowel
diseases comprise Crohn
disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), Increasing rates of IBD have been
seen in many areas of the world. In recent years it has been increased up to 10-fold
in rates of CD and UC. High rates have been seen in individuals migrating from
the Indian subcontinent to industrialized countries, such as Canada.
Pathogenesis of coeliac
disease, it has become clear that there are a number of potential strategies by
which these pathways could be interrupted. One very promising example is the
development of vaccine-based treatment currently undergoing clinical trials in
several countries. This novel immune-based strategy promises to lead to a new
approach to the treatment of coeliac disease. Namely, the introduction of a
vaccine will mean that individuals diagnosed with coeliac disease who are then
treated with the vaccine, will subsequently be able to tolerate a
gluten-containing diet, without need for gluten-free diet. This promise of a
cure for coeliac disease could transform the limitations of coeliac disease, and
make huge differences in the lives of many children and families. However, this
approach is still the “ambulance at the bottom of the cliff.” The development
of effective and safe preventative strategies may be even more important and
have greater impact. One example of such an approach is the timing of
introduction of gluten-containing foods in infancy.
Higher rates of
childhood obesity
have led to increased rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These changes
have significant implications during childhood and also for future adult years.
This condition has become an increasingly common indication for liver
transplant, which consequently leads to a further set of long-term health
issues.
The development and
assessment of new diagnostic tools and markers would ensure optimization of
initial assessment and on-going management, Furthermore; other endeavors should
focus on advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of specific
conditions, providing impetus to finding cures.
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