The Analysis of Continuous and Malignant Liver Diseases

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the most frequently occurring types of primary liver cancer worldwide and account for 80% and 15% of primary liver cancer respectively. Current studies have reported that the worldwide incidence of these liver and biliary tract diseases is increasing.

Environmental and cultural factors are important determinants of the incidence of HCC. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a potential key player in the increasing incidence of HCC in the population.

Unfortunately, the early diagnosis of these diseases remains difficult and, in most cases, the disease is diagnosed late because of the absence of symptoms in the early stages.

At present, the most accurate diagnostic methods for these disorders, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography guided by bile duct biopsy, percutaneous Tran’s hepatic cholangiography and endoscopic ultrasonography guided by fine needle aspiration is invasive.

Recently, there has been remarkable progress in applying proteomics to the identification of potential biomarkers for HCC, CCA, and PSC. However, these biomarkers are useful for discriminating between benign and malignant biliary conditions only in patients who have undergone bile drainage.

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